ÁRISTOTELES LEVALLOIS´GENERAL STUDY GUIDE FOR MIDDLE AGES

HISTORYARTE. SUPPLEMENT FOR THE MIDDLE AGESstudy guide

By DR. CECILIA LEVALLOIS HERNANDEZ

Name    ………………………………………………….Grade …………………………….Date………………………………

LEXICAE

100 Years War

Joan of Arc

Christendom

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux

Crusades

Holy Land

Saladdin

Magna Carta

King John Lackland

William the Conqueror

Emperor Charlemagne

Gothic church

Tythe

Feudal system

Knight

Serf

Knave

Pope

Manor

Dowry

Black Death

Bubonic Plague

Pneumonic plague

Septicemic plague

Knights Templar

Richard I the Lionhearted

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Troubadour

Juggler

William of Aquitaine

William Wallace of Scotland

Edward I Longshanks

King Brian Boru of Ireland

Gateau

Saint Patrick

Brave and wise leader and Scottish patriot, wanted only freedom for his country, called Braveheart, was executed in 1305 on orders of the English king Edward I Longshanks .This warrior became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, and was Guardian of Scotland, serving until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in July 1298. In 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston near Glasgow and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him summarily hanged, drawn, and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians.…………………..

She was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages, a member of the Ramnufid dynasty of rulers in southwestern France. She became Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right while she was still a child, then later queen consort of France (1137–1152) and England (1154–1189). Being a fine poetess herself,she was the patron of literary figures such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn……………………

Known also as  The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, is an Angevin charter originally issued in Latin in the year 1215. It was translated into vernacular French as early as 1219, and reissued later in the 13th century in modified versions. The later versions excluded the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority that had been present in the 1215 charter. The charter first passed into law in 1225; the 1297 version, with the long title (originally in Latin) "The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, and of the Liberties of the Forest," still remains on the statute books of England and Wales.It was not signed by King John Lackland because he was illiterate, but his fingerprint is on it……………………….

Kind of plague that produced a blood infection and killed you very fast…………..

An order of knights with a red cross on white background, designated to protect the crusaders. They later became wealthy bankers and were outlawed by French king Philip the Beautiful…………..

Disease transmitted by infected fleas and mice, very similar to our present leptospirosis, killed millions during the Middle Ages……………

Violent disease which infected the lungs and caused rapid death during the Middle Ages……….

Property, jewels, appanage or amount of money given to the woman upon marriage, so she can give it to her husband……………………………..

Duke of Normandie who conquered England on October 14^th, 1066 by defeating King Harold in the Battle of Hastings.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

System in which the king provided lands to work upon in exchange for fealty and military service………

Land where Jesus was born and where he lived, thought to be necessary that white Christians  hold control over it.

King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death. During his reign, England lost the duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, which resulted in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributed to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of the Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom………………………………

Handsome red- headed Briton who Christianized Ireland………………………….

Handsome and very irresponsible king of England, went on the Third Crusade. Son of Eleanor of Aquitaine from her second husband Henry, and older brother to John Lackland, he is still called in the Middle East the “Blond Boogeyman”…………………………………………………………

Giant of a man, as a powerful king he promoted education. He was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor when Pope Leo III crowned him during Christmas…………..

System which included a noble exchanging  use of his lands for crops grown by his peasants………..

Irish king who ended the domination of the High Kingship of Ireland by the Uí Néill. Building on the achievements of his father, Cennétig mac Lorcain, and especially his elder brother, Mathgamain, Brian first made himself King of Munster, then subjugated Leinster, making himself ruler of the south of Ireland. He is the founder of the O'Brien dynasty,very handsome, goodmusician and gallant, he was killed during the Battle of Clontarf……………………………………

A portion of your income that you donate to the church, around 10 per cent  monthly………………

Bearded and gallant Seljuk sultan, warrior, diplomat, cook and scholar, tender owner of Plum horse and Manx cat Firousi,  the hero of the Third Crusade, died of pneumonia………………………………..

Tall sophisticated and beautiful temples built in the Middle Ages to glorify the Christian God………

A wealthy man born into a noble family, owner of a manor………………………………………………………..

A servant, somebody who works at serving in a household or a crop field, posseses no land………………..

Male household servant………………

Buffoon, harlequin, someone who turns somersault for public entertainer…………………….

In its historical sense, the term usually refers to the medieval and early modern period, during which the Christian world represented a geopolitical power juxtaposed with both paganism and especially the military threat of the Muslim world………………………………………………

A war between France and England that lasted from the middle of the fourteenth century to the middle of the fifteenth. The kings of England invaded France, trying to claim the throne. Toward the end of the war, Joan of Arc helped rally the French, who finally drove out the English. Many battles were fought intermittently between England and France from 1337--1453: after early victories the English were expelled from allof France except Calais………………………………………………..

This lady is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. She was born a peasant girl in what is now eastern France, in Lorraine. Claiming divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France. She was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money, put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon for charges of "insubordination and heterodoxy", and was burned at the stake for heresy  when she was 19 years old…………………………………………………………………..

This leader is the Bishop of Rome and the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. In the Catholic Church, he is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle. The current one is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI…………………………….

This was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350)…………………………………………………………..

 He was called the Troubador, was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou (as William VII) between 1086 and his death. He was also one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101. Chubby and green-eyed, he had lots of difficulty with the church. Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour — a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language — whose work survived. Women adored him and he took his own cat Gateau on the first Crusade to the Holy Land……………………………………………………

Manx cat belonging to Duke Guillaume D´Aquitaine. He went on crusade with the troubadour…………

Holy man, founder of the Cistercian order, became a saint………………………………………………..

8 in total , these events were created  by popes in order to supposedly rescue the Holy Land from the Muslims, but ended in a total folly of blood, sacking, pillage and a total mess……………….